![]() ![]() Reykjanes | 20 December-26 December 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater. White-and-gray ash plumes that were often dense rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 22-26 December. PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 20-26 December, though fog and rain occasionally prevented visual observations of the summit. Marapi | 20 December-26 December 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the active summit crater. The eruption was preceded by about a week of increased seismicity. Dense gray ash plumes rose 1-1.5 km above the summit and drifted N. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). PVMBG reported that an eruption at Lewotobi’s Laki-laki, the NW of two large adjacent stratovolcanoes, occurred at 0714 on 23 December and lasted about 24 minutes. Lewotobi | 20 December-26 December 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) ![]() The Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second color on a four-color scale). Weakly elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite data during 23-26 December. Possible minor steaming was visible in a webcam image on 20 December. Satellite observations following the event showed a debris flow extending 1.5 km down the NW flank. Kanaga | 20 December-26 December 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this ReportĪVO reported that the rate of seismicity at Kanaga significantly declined after the explosion on 18 December and was slightly elevated with small daily earthquakes during 19-26 December. Furthermore, it caused a meltdown at three reactors in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Fukushima Prefecture.All times are local unless otherwise stated. The damage caused by surging water from the resulting tsunami was more destructive than the earthquake itself, as it destroyed many Japanese cities and led to the death of over 15 thousand people. It was one of the strongest earthquakes worldwide according to measurements on the Richter scale. The highest cost of damage caused by natural disasters was recorded in 2011, when the Great East Japan Earthquake, also referred to as Tohoku Earthquake, occurred. In addition to intense volcanic activity, major earthquakes occur regularly, making the country vulnerable to tsunamis due to its oceanic setting. The volcano Sakurajima erupts several hundred times a year, representing one of the most active volcanoes in the country. Mount Fuji, which last erupted in 1707, is the tallest and most famous volcano in Japan. There are over 100 active volcanoes situated on the archipelago, which account for around ten percent of active volcanoes worldwide. Since the number of typhoons increased in recent years, the amount of damage caused by floods grew as well. Japan's southernmost prefecture Okinawa gets hit regularly by typhoons, while the northernmost prefecture Hokkaido is the least affected area. The tropical cyclones develop over the Pacific Ocean and are likely to approach the archipelago between July and October, during the peak of the typhoon season. Heavy rain and floods are often caused by typhoons, which regularly hit Japan. In recent years, heavy rain accounted for the highest costs of damaged facilities.
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